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#fallacies

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Tantek Çelik<p>I just participated in the first W3C Authentic Web Mini Workshop<a href="https://tantek.com/2025/071/t1/w3c-authentic-web-workshop-flaws#t5az1_note-1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">¹</a> hosted by the Credible Web Community Group<a href="https://tantek.com/2025/071/t1/w3c-authentic-web-workshop-flaws#t5az1_note-2" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">²</a> (of which I’m a longtime member) and up front I noted that our very discussion itself needed to be careful about its own credibility, extra critical of any technologies discussed or assertions made, and initially identified two flaws to avoid on a meta level, having seen them occur many times in technical or standards discussions:<br><br>1. Politician’s Syllogism — "Something must be done about this problem. Here is something, let's do it!"<br><br>2. Solutions Looking For Problems — "I am interested in how tech X can solve problem Y"<br><br>After some back and forth and arguments in the Zoom chat, I observed participants questioning speakers of arguments rather than the arguments themselves, so I had to identify a third fallacy to avoid:<br><br>3. Ad Hominem — while obvious examples are name-calling (which is usually against codes of conduct), less obvious examples (witnessed in the meeting) include questioning a speaker’s education (or lack thereof) like what they have or have not read, or would benefit from reading.<br><br>I am blogging these here both as a reminder (should you choose to participate in such discussions), and as a resource to cite in future discussions.<br><br>We need to all develop expertise in recognizing these logical and methodological flaws &amp; fallacies, and call them out when we see them, especially when used against others. <br><br>We need to promptly prune these flawed methods of discussion, so we can focus on actual productive, relevant, and yes, credible discussions.<br><br><a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/W3C" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">W3C</span></a> <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/credweb" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">credweb</span></a> <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/credibleWeb" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">credibleWeb</span></a> <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/authenticWeb" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">authenticWeb</span></a> <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/flaw" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">flaw</span></a> <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/fallacy" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">fallacy</span></a> <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/fallacies" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">fallacies</span></a> <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/logicalFallacy" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">logicalFallacy</span></a> <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/logicalFallacies" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">logicalFallacies</span></a><br><br><br>Glossary<br><br>Ad Hominem<br>&nbsp; attacking an attribute of the person making an argument rather than the argument itself<br>&nbsp; <a class="" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hominem" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hominem</a><br><br>Politician's syllogism<br>&nbsp; <a class="" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician%27s_syllogism" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician%27s_syllogism</a><br><br>Solutions Looking For Problems (related: <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/solutionism" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">solutionism</span></a>, <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/solutioneering" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">solutioneering</span></a>)<br>&nbsp; Promoting a technology that either has not identified a real problem for it to solve, or actively pitching a specific technology to any problem that seems related. Wikipedia has no page on this but has two related pages: <br>&nbsp; * <a class="" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_instrument" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_instrument</a><br>&nbsp; * <a class="" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_fix" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_fix</a><br>&nbsp; Wikipedia does have an essay on this specific to Wikipedia:<br>&nbsp; * <a class="" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Solutions_looking_for_a_problem" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Solutions_looking_for_a_problem</a><br>&nbsp; Stack Exchange has a thread on "solution in search of a problem":<br>&nbsp; * <a class="" href="https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/250320/a-word-that-means-a-solution-in-search-of-a-problem" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/250320/a-word-that-means-a-solution-in-search-of-a-problem</a> <br>&nbsp; Forbes has an illustrative anecdote: &nbsp;<br>&nbsp; * <a class="" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephanieburns/2019/05/28/solution-looking-for-a-problem/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephanieburns/2019/05/28/solution-looking-for-a-problem/</a><br><br><br>References<br><br><a href="https://tantek.com/2025/071/t1/w3c-authentic-web-workshop-flaws#t5az1_ref-1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">¹</a> <a class="" href="https://www.w3.org/events/workshops/2025/authentic-web-workshop/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.w3.org/events/workshops/2025/authentic-web-workshop/</a><br><a href="https://tantek.com/2025/071/t1/w3c-authentic-web-workshop-flaws#t5az1_ref-2" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">²</a> <a class="" href="https://credweb.org/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://credweb.org/</a> and <a class="" href="https://www.w3.org/community/credibility/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.w3.org/community/credibility/</a><br><br><br>Previously in 2019 I participated in <a class="" href="https://indieweb.social/tags/MisinfoCon:" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span class="p-category">MisinfoCon:</span></a> <br>* <a class="" href="https://tantek.com/2019/296/t1/london-misinfocon-discuss-spectrum-recency" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://tantek.com/2019/296/t1/london-misinfocon-discuss-spectrum-recency</a><br>* <a class="" href="https://tantek.com/2019/296/t2/misinfocon-roundtable-spectrums-misinformation" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://tantek.com/2019/296/t2/misinfocon-roundtable-spectrums-misinformation</a></p>
RDN<p>The Square One Fallacy: asserting that we need to study something that has already been thoroughly investigated:</p><p><a href="https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/critical-thinking/square-one-fallacy" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">mcgill.ca/oss/article/critical</span><span class="invisible">-thinking/square-one-fallacy</span></a></p><p><a href="https://floss.social/tags/Science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Science</span></a> <a href="https://floss.social/tags/Politics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Politics</span></a> <a href="https://floss.social/tags/Health" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Health</span></a> <a href="https://floss.social/tags/Argument" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Argument</span></a> <a href="https://floss.social/tags/Fallacies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Fallacies</span></a></p>
Nick Byrd, Ph.D.<p>Partisanship influences our evaluation of <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/policy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>policy</span></a> arguments, but does it influence whether we spot straw person <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/fallacies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>fallacies</span></a> in objections to those arguments?</p><p>To my surprise, partisanship didn’t seem to influence identification of straw person fallacies among 20 left-leaning 20-somethings who rated up to 60 arguments.</p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00046.ser" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">doi.org/10.1075/pc.00046.ser</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/logic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>logic</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/bias" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>bias</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/criticalThinking" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>criticalThinking</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/politics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>politics</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/psychology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>psychology</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/teaching" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>teaching</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/immigration" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>immigration</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/biology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>biology</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/sports" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>sports</span></a></p>
Nick Byrd, Ph.D.<p>Is tech to blame for teen issues? A new <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/book" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>book</span></a> is full of arguments that it is. Readers report rampant <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/fallacies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>fallacies</span></a>.</p><p>"The plots presented throughout this book will be useful in teaching ...how to avoid making up stories by simply looking at trend lines." –Candice L. Odgers in <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Nature</span></a>: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00902-2" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-009</span><span class="invisible">02-2</span></a></p><p>"...this book is filled with unwarranted pessimism, unjustified conclusions..." –Elizabeth Nolan Brown at <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Reason" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Reason</span></a>: <a href="https://reason.com/2024/03/26/blaming-tech-for-teen-troubles" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">reason.com/2024/03/26/blaming-</span><span class="invisible">tech-for-teen-troubles</span></a></p><p><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/logic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>logic</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/edu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>edu</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/socialMedia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>socialMedia</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/SciComm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SciComm</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/journalism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>journalism</span></a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/NYU" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>NYU</span></a></p>
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋<p>"I hope that by the end of this video you'll get a better understanding of what a logical fallacy is, and why we might want to avoid them. But also why in some contexts, what might seem to be fallacious reasoning, might actually be much more defensible than previously thought." <a href="https://youtu.be/PthVXsLEqh8" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">youtu.be/PthVXsLEqh8</span><span class="invisible"></span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Video" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Video</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Philosophy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Philosophy</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Fallacies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Fallacies</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Logic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Logic</span></a> <span class="h-card"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/philosophy" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>philosophy</span></a></span> [2]</p>
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋<p>"In the following essay, which is in four parts, it is what is considered the informal-fallacy literature that will be reviewed. Part 1 is an introduction to the core fallacies as brought to us by the tradition of the textbooks. Part 2 reviews the history of the development of the conceptions of fallacies as it is found from Aristotle to Copi. Part 3 surveys some of the most recent innovative research on fallacies, and Part 4 considers some of the current research topics in fallacy theory."</p><p>Hansen, Hans, "Fallacies", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2023 Edition), Edward N. Zalta &amp; Uri Nodelman (eds.), URL = &lt;<a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2023/entries/fallacies/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">plato.stanford.edu/archives/sp</span><span class="invisible">r2023/entries/fallacies/</span></a>&gt;. <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Essay" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Essay</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Philosophy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Philosophy</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Fallacies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Fallacies</span></a> <a href="https://qoto.org/tags/Logic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Logic</span></a> <span class="h-card"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/philosophy" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>philosophy</span></a></span> [1]</p>
P.D. Magnus<p>Fallaciagenesis</p><p>It's been a while since I had an addition to my list of bespoke fallacies, one of the oldest features of my website. This week, however, I came across the lovely neosemantic fallacy. Joshua Habgood-Coote, who attributes the label to Thi Nguyen, describes it as "the magic of neologisms, which encourage [one] to infer that a new word refers to a new kind of thing."…</p><p><a href="https://www.fecundity.com/nfw/2024/02/27/fallaciagenesis/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">fecundity.com/nfw/2024/02/27/f</span><span class="invisible">allaciagenesis/</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/philosophy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>philosophy</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/fallacies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>fallacies</span></a></p>
Bifurkatus 🎭<p><a href="https://dresden.network/tags/fallacies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>fallacies</span></a> <a href="https://dresden.network/tags/biases" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>biases</span></a> <br><a href="https://populismus.online/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">populismus.online/</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p>
Brains<p>Want to study or teach some <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/neuroscience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>neuroscience</span></a>, its <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/philosophy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>philosophy</span></a>, or <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/neurophilosophy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>neurophilosophy</span></a>?</p><p>Use our "Beginner's Guide to Neural Mechanisms" <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/video" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>video</span></a> series! It's <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/free" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>free</span></a>!</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kLvZ6Sbeq4&amp;list=PLZn7I4seVynIdwkrECIj7Z4OKHX0CYiRD&amp;pp=iAQB" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">youtube.com/watch?v=1kLvZ6Sbeq</span><span class="invisible">4&amp;list=PLZn7I4seVynIdwkrECIj7Z4OKHX0CYiRD&amp;pp=iAQB</span></a></p><p>TWO animated shorts about <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/freeWill" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>freeWill</span></a> and mereological <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/fallacies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>fallacies</span></a></p><p>+</p><p>SIX presentations (broken into 3 to 5 bite-size chunks) from leading scholars and with links to further <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/reading" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>reading</span></a>!</p><p>Scholars include<br>- Adina Roskies <br>- Walter Sinnott-Armstrong<br>- Felipe De Brigard<br>- Carrie Figdor<br>- Russ Poldrack<br>- Mazviita Chirimuuta</p>

#ClimateChange #GlobalWarming #FossilFuels #Fallacies: "As a philosophy professor, this is how I explain the fallacy to my students: If the argument is not going your opponent's way, a common strategy — though a fallacious and dishonorable one — is to divert attention from the real issue by raising an issue that is only tangentially related to the first.

If our collective philosophical literacy were better, we might notice that this fallacy seems to be working spectacularly well for the fossil-fuel industry, the petrochemical industry, and a bunch of other bad actors who would like to throw us off the trail that would lead us fully to grasp their transgressions. We shouldn't keep falling for it.

But we do. Time after time, the real issue stands before us, and we find ourselves baying after some side issue of far less importance. I quiz my students: Explain, give examples."

salon.com/2023/05/13/how-big-o

Salon.com · How Big Oil is manipulating the way you think about climate changeA logic professor explains how a persistent, subtle fallacy has infected public discussion of climate change

Logical Fallacies: Examples and Pitfalls in Research and Media

📚 "In public discourse, research and academic writing, logical fallacies should always be avoided because they invalidate conclusions and arguments. Unfortunately, it is easy to commit such logical fallacies ourselves."

🌐 research.com/research/logical-

@edutooters @academicchatter @communicationscholars @stopTDV #VideoGames #GameDev #GameDesign #IndieGame #CriticalThinking #Tech #Programming #EdTech #Gaming #Media #Education #Nonprofit #Knowledge #ScientificThinking #HighSchool #MiddleSchool #LogicalFallacies #Fallacies

It seems to me that many people have lost the ability to #debate issues without succumbing to basic name-calling and other #fallacies.
If you're going to actively disagree with what someone's said, please quote what they said and what you disagree with and why. Don't just label them and walk away, use your ability to rationally disagree with them to show why they're wrong.
It will help you grow intellectually and also have more of a lasting impact if you're right.
#freeThinking

I think I need a randomized controlled trial to know for sure that cars are dangerous and can cause injury when they hit people.

I can't just believe a large heavy object moving at high speed can kill people. I need PROOF. I can't take precautions until I have RCT results with tens of thousands of participants.

If a new vehicle is developed that appears to be more dangerous to pedestrians, I will wait until enough people have been hit & killed before protecting myself.

🙄

This robot confabulates like a human

As a philosopher, I am often asked about the nature of truth. What is truth? How do we know what is true? These are questions that have puzzled philosophers for centuries, and they continue to be the subject of intense debate and discussion.

Eric Schwitzgebel has gotten GPT-3 to write blog posts in his style, so I asked OpenA

fecundity.com/nfw/2022/12/03/t

News For WombatsThis robot confabulates like a humanAs a philosopher, I am often asked about the nature of truth. What is truth? How do we know what is true? These are questions that have puzzled philosophers for centuries, and they continue to be t…